Cosmetic surgery

The knee is one of the most important, but also the most vulnerable joints in the human body. During everyday activities – walking, squatting, climbing stairs, sitting and standing – the knee endures a lot of stress. Whether it is an athlete, an elderly person, a developing child or someone who does office work, knee pain can occur in anyone, regardless of age and physical fitness.

Knee pain is not a disease, but a symptom that indicates the existence of problems in the joint itself, surrounding structures (muscles, tendons, ligaments, bursae), or systemic disorders (such as rheumatic diseases). The causes can be numerous – from simple biomechanical disorders to serious degenerative and inflammatory processes. Proper diagnostics and an individualized therapeutic approach are key to successfully solving this problem.

Symptoms of knee pain vary depending on the cause, degree of damage and duration of the condition.

Pain can be mild, intermittent, or severe and limiting. Here are the most common symptoms to look out for:

• Pain when bending or extending the leg
• Swelling around the knee, with or without redness
• Feeling of warmth and tension in the joint
• Popping or crunching when moving
• Feeling of instability or weakness in the knee
• Pain during or after physical activity
• Joint stiffness in the morning or after sitting for a long time
• Difficulty climbing stairs or squatting
• Feeling that the knee "skips" or "stuck"

In more severe conditions, joint deformities, more pronounced swelling with fluid accumulation and limitation of mobility may also occur.

• Meniscus injuries
• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• Wearing inadequate footwear 

The causes of knee pain can be classified into three main groups: injuries, degenerative and inflammatory diseases, and functional and mechanical disorders. There are also numerous risk factors that contribute to the development of the problem.  

Injuries and trauma:

• Meniscus injuries
• Torn ligaments (especially the ACL and MCL)
• Sprains, strains and fractures
• Dislocation of the patella (kneecap) 

Degenerative diseases:

• Gonarthrosis (knee osteoarthritis): A chronic disease that occurs due to wear and tear of the articular cartilage. Over time, it leads to pain during movement, swelling, thickening of the joint and reduced mobility.
• Chondromalacia patella: Softening and damage to the cartilage under the kneecap. Common cause of anterior knee pain in young people and athletes.
• Becker's (popliteal) cyst: Fluid accumulation behind the knee, causing tightness and pain. Usually accompanies osteoarthritis or meniscal injuries.

Inflammatory diseases:

• Bursitis: Inflammation of the mucous sacs (bursae) that cushion the friction between tissues. Can occur after injury, infection, or overuse.
• Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons around the knee, most often caused by repetitive strain.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that affects the joints, often the knees. Causes chronic pain, swelling, and stiffness.

Mechanical and functional disorders:

• Patellofemoral instability: Frequent "popping" or shifting of the patella out of place due to weak muscles and poor joint alignment.
• Poor posture and flat feet: Can cause improper joint loading and chronic pain.

Risk factors:

• Obesity – puts additional strain on the joint
• Lack of physical activity – weak muscles around the knee
• Prolonged sitting or standing
• Genetic predisposition to degenerative diseases
• Inadequate diet (low calcium, vitamin D intake)
• Wearing inadequate footwear

These injuries are most common in athletes and active people, but can also occur with improper movement or a fall.

Treatment for knee pain depends on the cause, the stage of the condition, and the patient's overall health. The goal of treatment is to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, restore mobility, and prevent further damage.

Conservative treatment (non-surgical)

In most cases, knee pain is successfully treated with physical therapy, without the need for surgery.

Physical therapy includes:

• Electrotherapy (TENS, ultrasound, magnetotherapy): To reduce pain and inflammation
• Manual therapy and massage: To relieve soft tissue and improve circulation
• Physiotherapy: Individual exercises to strengthen the muscles of the upper leg and stabilize the joint
• Proprioception exercises: To restore balance and coordination of movements
• Cryotherapy: Application of cold in acute phases to relieve swelling and pain
  Home therapy

For patients who cannot come to the office, our team provides physical therapy services at home. Treatments are carried out under the supervision of experts, with complete equipment, and include all phases of therapy - from the initial examination, through treatment to monitoring progress.

Drug therapy

In collaboration with a physiatrist or rheumatologist, medications to reduce pain and inflammation (analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids) are introduced as needed.

Surgical approach (if necessary)

In cases of severe meniscus injuries, ligament damage or severe arthrosis, when conservative methods do not yield results, arthroscopy or other orthopedic intervention may be recommended.